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The surf bream (''Acanthopagrus australis''), is a species of marine and freshwater fish of the porgy family, Sparidae. It is also known as silver bream, eastern black bream, yellowfin bream, sea bream, and bream. It is a deep-bodied fish, occasionally confused with ''Acanthopagrus butcheri'' (black bream), but is generally distinguished by its yellowish ventral and anal fins.〔Hutchins & Swainston (1986), "Sea Fishes of Southern Australia", p. 62,〕 It is a popular target for recreational fisherman due to its capacity to fight well above its weight coupled with its table quality. ==Taxonomy== The species was first mentioned in scientific literature by Richard Owen in an 1853 work on skeletal material held by the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Although he named it ''Chrysophrys australis'', it was insufficiently described and hence designated a ''nomen nudum''. German-British naturalist Albert Günther formally described the surf bream in 1859 using Owen's name. Allan Riverstone McCulloch classified it in the genus ''Sparus'' in 1929. Texts up till 1949 used either of these binomial combinations.〔 Ian Munro used the binomial name ''Mylio australis'' in a 1949 review of the Australian "silver breams", preferring ''Mylio'' over ''Acanthopagrus'' and ''Roughleya'' as he found it to be the oldest valid genus name available.〔 However, the validity of ''Mylio'' was questioned as its describer—Philibert Commerson—had listed the type as ''Sparus mylio''. Munro also found that ''M. australis'' was in fact two separate species, creating the new species name of ''Mylio butcheri'' to accommodate the southern black bream. Munro based this classification on a number of new specimens, ''Acanthopagrus australis'' has a number of common names, many of which are applied to a number of related fish species, both in Australia and worldwide. It was known as the sea bream or surf bream during the spawning season, while black bream was a common name from New South Wales. In Queensland it was known simply as bream. Munro termed it the yellowfin bream.〔 The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts of the Federal Government designated yellowfin bream as preferred name.〔 It has also been designated the standard name by the CSIRO Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research in commercial fishing in Australia. Its name to the local Eora and Darug inhabitants of the Sydney basin has been transcribed as ''garuma'', ''karngooma'', ''caroom-a'' and ''kururma''. The species has also been known to hybridise with the closely related southern black bream forming viable offspring, themselves able to backcross with the parent species. This is only known from one coastal lake where the two species are landlocked together for extended periods, promoting interbreeding and the production of offspring with morphological traits intermediate between the two species. The setting required to cause hybridisation, however is too rare to consider the two species subspecies, or even a single species. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Surf bream」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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